What is the main function of the scrotum?

The main function of the scrotum is to keep the temperature of the testes below body temperature. This is crucial for optimal spermatogenesis, or the production of sperm. The testes need to be maintained at a temperature that is slightly cooler than the normal body temperature, which is typically around 37 degrees Celsius (98.6 degrees Fahrenheit). The scrotum achieves this by being located outside of the body cavity, where the cooler external environment can help regulate testicular temperature.

The muscles of the scrotum can contract or relax to move the testes closer to or further away from the body, providing a mechanism to adjust the temperature based on external conditions. If the temperature is too high, the scrotum will relax, allowing the testes to cool. Conversely, if it's too cold, the scrotum will contract to pull the testes closer to the body for warmth. This temperature regulation is vital for maintaining healthy sperm production and overall reproductive function.