What can result from a mismatch in blood transfusion related to blood types?

A mismatch in blood transfusion related to blood types can lead to a hemolytic reaction, which occurs when the recipient's immune system recognizes the transfused blood cells as foreign and mounts an immune response against them. This typically happens when the recipient has antibodies against the antigens present on the donor blood cells.

During this reaction, the body attacks the transfused red blood cells, leading to their destruction (hemolysis). This can result in a variety of serious complications, including fever, chills, back pain, dark urine, and even more severe outcomes such as kidney failure or shock. The immune response can trigger the activation of clotting factors, resulting in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) as well.

The other options presented do not accurately reflect the consequences of blood transfusion mismatch. Increased oxygen delivery and enhanced blood flow would not occur as a result of a hemolytic reaction; in fact, the opposite is more likely because the efficiency of oxygen transport declines when hemolysis occurs. Additionally, decreased blood pressure is often a result of shock or systemic reactions due to hemolytic reactions rather than a direct benefit of a blood transfusion. The primary severe effect of mismatched blood transfusions is indeed the risk